4MV

The 4MV planetary probe (short for 4th-generation Mars-Venus probe) is a designation for a common design used for Soviet unmanned probes to Mars and Venus.

4MV
Mars-6, a 3MP version of the 4MV bus.
ManufacturerNPO Lavochkin
Country of originSoviet Union
OperatorSoviet Space Program
Specifications
Power2 Solar arrays (Mars, Venera)
4 Solar arrays (Astron, Granat)
Production
Operational1971-1989

Engines:

  • 1 KTDU-425 (Mars 2-3)
  • 1 KTDU-425A (Post 1971)
    • Fuel:
  • UDMH/N2O4
    • ← 3MV 5VK →

    It was an incremental improvement of earlier 3MV probes and was used for Mars missions 2 to 7 and Venera missions 9 to 16. Different versions of the bus exist, for example 4V-1, 4V-M and 4V-2.[1][2] The same base design was also used for earth-orbiting space observatories.[3]

    Design

    The spacecraft bus has a height of 2.8 meters (9 ft 2 in) and a solar panel span of 6.7 meters (22 ft). The central section of the bus has a diameter of about one meter (3 ft 3 in) and contained propellant. The main engine (KTDU-425) is encircled by a conical instrument compartment with the diameter of 2.35 meters (7 ft 9 in) at the base.[4] While Mars 2,3 and Kosmos 419 used the KTDU-425, 4MV buses after 1971 used the KTDU-425A).[5]

    Astron

    Variants
    • Mars M-71|3MS: Kosmos 419 (M-71|3MS No.170), Mars 2 (M-71 No.171), Mars 3 (M-71 No.172)[6]
    • Mars M-73|3MS|3MP: Mars 4 (M-73|3MS No.52S), Mars 5 (M-73|3MS No.53S), Mars 6 (M-73|3MP No.50P), Mars 7 (M-73|3MP No.51P)[7][8]
    • Venera 4V-1: Venera 9 (4V-1 No.660), Venera 10 (4V-1 No.661), Venera 11 (4V-1 No.360), Venera 12 (4V-1 No.361), Venera 13 (4V-1M No.760), Venera 14 (4V-1M No.761)[1][2]
    • Astron: Astron[9]
    • Venera 4V-2: Venera 15 (4V-2 No.860), Venera 16 (4V-2 No.861)[10]
    • Granat: Granat[11]
    M-71 - 3MS version
    Wikimedia Commons has media related to 4MV.

    See also
    • Soviet space program
    • M-69
    • Venera
    • 3MV

    References
    1. "Venera 9, 10, 11, 12 (4V1 #1, 2, 3, 4)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-09-25.
    2. "Venera 13, 14 (4V1M #1, 2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-09-25.
    3. "4MV". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023.
    4. "Venera-9 and 10". www.russianspaceweb.com.
    5. "KTDU-425". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on December 28, 2016. Retrieved 2022-04-17.
    6. "Mars 2, 3 (Mars M71 #1, #2, #3)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-09-25.
    7. "Mars 4, 5 (Mars M73 Orbiter #1, #2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-09-25.
    8. "Mars 6, 7 (Mars M73 Lander #1, #2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-09-25.
    9. "Astron 1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-09-25.
    10. "Venera 15, 16 (4V2 #1, 2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-09-25.
    11. "Granat (Astron 2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-09-25.
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