ON OTHER PERTURBATIONS OF THE MIND. 117XXII. But we see Ajax in Homer advancing to meet

Hector in battle cheerfully, without any of this boister ous wrath. For he had no sooner taken up his anus than the first step which he made inspired his associates with joy, his enemies with fear; so that even Hector, as he is represented by Homer, 1 trembling, condemned himself for having challenged him to fight. Yet these heroes conversed together, calmly and quietly, before they engaged ; nor did they show any anger or outrageous behavior during the combat. Nor do I imagine that Torquatus, the first! who obtained this surname, was in a rage when he plun dered the Gaul of his collar ; or that Marcellus's courage at Clastidium was only owing to his anger. I could al most swear that Africanus, with whom we are better ac quainted, from our recollection of him being more recent, was noways inflamed by anger when he covered Alienus Pelignus with his shield, and drove his sword into the Enemy's breast. There may be some doubt of L. Brutus, whether he was not influenced by extraordinary hatred of the tyrant, so as to attack Aruns with more than usual rashness; for I observe that they mutually killed each other in close fight. Why, then, do you call in the assist ance of anger? Would courage, unless it began to get

Cicero alludes here to II. vii. 211, which is thus translated by Pope : 

His massy javelin quivering in his hand, He stood the bulwark of the Grecian band ; Through every Argive heart new transport ran, All Troy stood trembling at the mighty man : E'en Hector paused, and with new doubt oppress'd, Pelt his great heart suspended in his breast; 'Twas vain to seek retreat, and vain to fear, Himself had challenged, and the foe drew near. But Melmoth (Note on the Familiar Letters of Cicero, book ii. Let. 23) rightly accuses Cicero of having misunderstood Homer, who "by no means represents Hector as being thus totally dismayed at the approach of his adversary; and, indeed, it would have been inconsistent with the general character of that hero to have described him under such circum stances of terror." Ton lie Kai 'ApfetoiJJiff' ffijOfov e'la-opoiavref, Tpudr 5e rpojuos ^ivot {nriivOe -yma tKaarov, "EKTOpi &' a.in<f #i/^or evi a-rrjOeaat irdraaaev. But there is a great difference, as Dr. Clarke remarks, between 0v/ud? evl arrfitcai trdraausv and napdir/ ffw arrjdcurv eOpuaKev, or rpofiof alvof i-fi.vOe -yvla. The Trojans, says Homer, trembled at the sight of Ajax.

and even Hector himself felt some emotion in his breast.