WHETHER VIRTUE ALONE BE SUFFICIENT. 203and anxieties are assuaged by forgetting thorn, and turn ing our thoughts to pleasure. Therefore, it was not with out reason that Epicurus presumed to say that a wise man abounds with good things, because he may always have his pleasures ; from whence it follows, as he thinks, that that point is gained which is the subject of our present inquiry, that a wise man is always happy. What ! though he should be deprived of the senses of seeing and heai 1 - ing? Yes; for he holds those things very cheap. For, in the first place, what are the pleasures of which we are deprived by that dreadful thing, blindness ? For though they allow other pleasures to be confined to the senses, yet the things which are perceived by the sight do not depend wholly on the pleasure the eyes receive ; as is the case when we taste, smell, touch, or hear; for, in respect of all these senses, the organs themselves are the seat of pleasure; but it is not so with the eyes. For it is the mind which is entertained by what we see; but the mind may be entertained in many ways, even though we could not see at all. I am speaking of a learned and a wise man, with whom to think is to live. But thinking in the case of a wise man does not altogether require the use of his eyes in his investigations ; for if night does not strip him of his happiness, why should blindness, which re sembles night, have that effect? For the reply of Antip- ater the Cyrenaic to some women who bewailed his be ing blind, though it is a little too obscene, is not without its significance. " What do you mean ?" saith he ; " do you think the night can furnish no pleasure?" And we find by his magistracies and his actions that old Appius, 1 too, who was blind for many years, was not prevented from doing whatever was required of him with respect either to the republic or his own affairs. It is said that C. Drusus's house was crowded with clients. When they whose business it was could not see how to conduct themselves, they applied to a blind guide. XXXIX. When I was a boy, Cn. Aufidius, a blind man,

This was Appius Claudius Coecus, who was censor 310 B.C., and 

who, according to Livy, was afflicted with blindness by the Gods for per suading the Potitii to instruct the public servants in the way of sacri

ficing to Hercules. He it was who made the Via Appia.