to the latter, and for a time was well treated, and cleared the seas of other great pirates. Gradually however he became too powerful, and it was deemed necessary to restrain him by force. He was finally induced to surrender to the Manchu general in Fuhkien; and having been made a prisoner was sent to Peking with two of his sons, Chêng 世恩 Shih-ên and Chêng 世蔭 Shih-yin, together with other of his adherents, all of whom were executed upon arrival.

268 Chêng Chin 鄭錦 (or 經). Died A.D. 1682. Eldest son of Koxinga, whom he succeeded in 1662. Summoned to aid Kêng Ching-chung, he established himself on the coast of Fuhkien, and bf 1676 held Chinchow, Ch'ao-chou Fu, and other important places. His generals lost them all in the following year; but in 1678 he invaded Fuhkien in force, and carried everything before him, capturing the provincial Commander-in-chief and 30,000 men at 海澄 Hai-ch'êng. His able general Liu Kuo-hsüan was however hemmed in by vast armies and compelled to retreat to Formosa in 1680. 269 Chêng Ch'ing-chih 鄭淸之 (T. 德源 H. 安晚). Died A.D. 1248. A native of the 鄞 Yin District in Chehkiang. He graduated as chin shih in 1210, and twenty-five years later had risen to be Senior Minister of State. Throughout his career he was distinguished for probity and rectitude, but in later life he left everything to the control of his wife and sons, with disastrous results. Author of a literary collection entitled the 安晚集. He was posthumously ennobled as Prince, and canonised as 忠定. 270 Chêng Chio 鄭珏 9th and 10th cent. A.D. An official, who graduated as chin shih and held high office under the T'ang, Liang, and Later T'ang dynasties. In his youth he once planted a single hemp-seed, which straightway grew up before his eyes; and this

was held to presage his future greatness.