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ROLLING STOCK]

RAILWAYS

851

Table XXII.—Comparitive Data of Locomotives
No	Owning Railway.	Type.	Cylinders.			Diam of Driving Wheels.	Weight (Ton=2240 ℔).			Grate Area.	Total Heating Surface.	Remarks.
No	Owning Railway.	Type.	Position.	Diam.	Stroke.	Diam of Driving Wheels.	Total of Engine.	Total on Coupled Wheels.	Total with Tender.	Grate Area.	Total Heating Surface.	Remarks.
				In.	In.	In.	Tons.	Tons.	Tons.	Sq. Ft.	Sq. Ft.
	“Rocket” (Liverpool & Manchester)	0–2–2	Outside	8	16½	56½	4·25	. .	7·45	6	137·75	In Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington.
1	Caledonian	4–4–0	Inside	19	26	78	51·70	34·65	96·7	23	1600	“Dunalsitair III” (900) class.
2	London & South-Western	4–4–0	Inside	18½	26	79	48·85	33·45	93·0	24	1500	Fitted with cross-water tubes in fire-box giving 165 sq. ft. of heating surface.
3	Midland	4–4–0	Inside	19	26	78½	58·5	38·75	104·4	28·4	1557	Belpaire fire-box. Pressure 220 ℔ per sq. in.
4	Great Western	4–6–0	Outside	18⅜	30	80½	72	54·8	112	27	2000	Fitted with superheater contributing 360 sq. ft. of heating surface to the total. Boiler pressure 200 ℔ per sq. in.
5	Great Eastern	4–4–0	Inside	19	26	84	50·3	33·20	85·35	21·3	1630	Fitted with Holden’s system of liquid fuel.
6	London & North Western	4–6–0	Inside	19½	26	75	65·75	46·75	102·75	25	1990	Experiment class. Boiler pressure 185 ℔ per sq. in.
7	Great Western	4–6–0	2 inside 2 outside	14¼	26	80½	75·6	55·4	115·6	27	2076	4-cylinder simple. Fitted with superheater contributing 269 sq. ft. of heating surface to the total. Boiler pressure 225 ℔ per sq. in.
8	London & South-Western	4–6–0	2 inside 2 outside	16	24	72	73	51·5	. .	31·5	2727	4-cylinder simple. Working pressure 175 ℔ per sq. in. Fitted with cross tubes in fire-box.
9	Lancashire & Yorkshire	4–4–2	Inside	19	26	87	58·75	35·0	89·41	26·05	2052	Belpaire fire-box.
10	Great Northern	4–4–2	Outside	19	24	78	58	31	99	26·75	1442	990 class.
11	North-Eastern	4–4–2	2 inside 2 outside	22 14½	26	85	53·6	39·15	116·2	29	1969
12	Highland	4–6–0	Outside	19½	26	69	58·85	43·85	96·96	26	2050	Steam pressure 200 ℔ per sq. in.
13	Midland	4–4–0	2 L.-P. outside 1 H.-P. inside	21 19	26 26	84	59·8	39·1	102·7	28·4	1458	3-cylinder compound. Working pressure 220 ℔ per sq. in.
14	Midland	0–6–0	Inside	18½	26	63	43·8	43·8	84·95	21·1	1412	175 ℔ per sq. in.
15	North Eastern	0–6–0	Inside	18½	26	55	34·4	34·4	82·05	20·0	1658
16	Caledonian	4–6–0	Outside	18	26	60	60·4	45·9	98·4	21	2018	Presure 175 ℔ per sq. in.
17	Lancashire & Yorkshire	0–8–0	Inside	20	26	54	53·78	53·78	84·45	26·05	2038
18	Great Western	4–4–2	2 H.-P. outside 2 L.-P. inside	14·2 23·6	25·2	80·5	73·8	38·5	108·9	33·3	2755	De Glenn compound. Boiler presure 227 ℔ per sq. in.
19	Chicago & Alton	4–4–2	Outside	20	28	80	82·8	43·7	155	33·5	2696	Balanced piston valves
20	Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fé	4–4–2	2 outside 2 inside	25 15	26 26	79	86·5	45·3	160	49.5	3215	4-cylinder balanced compound. Vauclain type.
21	Central of Georgia	4–6–2	Outside	20	28	68	84·0	50·7	150	46.8	3357	Balanced valve.
22	Pennsylvania	2–6–0	Outside	20	28	62	71·43	62·09	125	30.2	2431·3
23	Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific	2–8–0	Outside	23	30	63	88·8	79·2	147	49.7	2912
24	Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fé	2–10–2	Outside Outside	19 32	32 32	57	128·4	104·5	201	58.5	4796	Tandem compound.
25	Great Northern, U.S.A.	2–6–6–2	Outside Outside	21½ 32	32 32	55	158·5	141	225	78	5658	Driving-wheels divided into two groups of six-coupled wheels. Leading group drven by L.-P. cylinders, trailing group by H.-P. cylinders. Mallet type.
26	Erie Railroad	0–8–8–0	Outside Outside	25 39	28 28	51	183	183	. .	100	6108	Mallet type.
27	Argentine Great Western	2–10–0	Outside	19½	28	51	79·5	70·8	124·7	36	2440	5 ft 6 in gauge.
28	Belgian State	2–6–0	2 outside 2 inside	17⅛	24	78	82·0	52·0	. .	32·4	1672	4-cylinder simple expansion. Pressure 205 ℔ per sq. in.
29	Nord	4–4–2	2 outside 2 inside	13·4 22	25·2	80·3	66·2	32·5	107·3	29·7	2368	Serve tubes. Boiler pressure 235 ℔ per sq. in.
30	Est	4–6–0	2 H.-P. outside 2 L.-P. inside	13·78 21·65	25·2	70	62·4	48·7	. .	27·6	2155	Serve tubes.
31	Austro-Hungarian State	2–10–0	2 H.-P. inside 2 L.-P. outside	14·56 24·80	28·34	57	77·2	67·4	. .	49·5	2777	Fitted with superheater contributing 678 sq. ft. to the total
32	Nord	6–2–2–6	2 outside 2 ouside	15·75 22·8	26·8	57·2	100	71	. .	32·3	2660	Articulated tank engine on two motor bogies mounted on a central girder, splayed at ends to take buffer beams. H.-P. cylinders drive one bogie, L.-P. the other.
33	Paris, Orleans	4–6–0	2 outside 2 inside	14·17 23·62	25·19	57	72·6	53	109·5	33·37	2577	Serve tubes. Boiler pressure 235 ℔ per sq. in.
34	Italian State	6–4–0	2 H.-P. on one side 2 L.-P. on other	14·17 23·22	23·62	75·6	69·5	42·6	106	32·29	2217	Serve tubes. Boiler pressure 220 ℔ per sq. in.
35	Austrian State	2–6–2	2 H.-P. inside 2 L.-P. outside	14·56 24·80	28·34	71·5	68·9	42·9	107·9	43·0	2775	Boiler pressure 220 ℔ per sq. in.
36	Prussian State	4–4–2	2 H.-P. inside 2 L.-P. outside	14·17 22·04	23·62	78	61·0	29·9	107·9	29·0	2520	Lenz double-beat equilibrium valves. Serve tubes. Boiler pressure 205 ℔ per sq. in.

accelerating the train to the journey speed. The nature of this problem is illustrated by the numerical example in § 9. When the service is frequent enough to give a good power factor continuously, the steam locomotive cannot compete with the electric motor for the purpose of quick acceleration, because the motors applied to the axles of a train may for a short time absorb power from the central station to an extent far in excess of anything which a locomotive boiler can supply.

With regard to the working of the locomotive, J. Holden developed the use of liquid fuel on the Great Eastern railway to a point beyond the experimental stage, and used it instead of coal with the engines running the heavy express traffic of the line, its continued use depending merely upon the relative market price of coal and oil. Compound locomotives have been tried, as stated in § 17, but the tendency in England is to revert to the simple engine for all classes of work, though on the continent of Europe and in America the compound locomotive is largely adopted, and is doing excellent work. A current development is the application of superheaters to locomotives, and the results obtained with them are exceedingly promising.

The leading dimensions of a few locomotives typical of English, American and European practice are given in Table XXII.

(W. E. D.)

Rolling Stock

The rolling stock of a railway comprises those vehicles by means of which it effects the transportation of persons and things over its lines. It may be divided into two classes, according as it is intended for passenger or for goods traffic.

Passenger Train Stock.—In the United Kingdom, as in Europe generally, the vehicles used on passenger trains include first class carriages, second-class carriages, third-class carriages, composite carriages containing compartments for two or more classes of passengers, dining or restaurant carriages, sleeping

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