Table XII.—Showing Dimensions, &c., of Famous Atlantic Liners, 1819–1910.

Name of Ship.	Owners.	When Built	Where Built	Mat- erial	Length	Breadth	Depth	Displace- ment.	Gross  Tonnage	Speed	How Propelled.	Steam Pressure  per sq. in.	Indicated Horse- Power
					Feet.	Feet.	Feet.	Tons.		Knts.		Lb.
Savannah	Colonel Stevens	1819	New York	Wood	130	26	16.5	1,850	⁠320	6	Paddles	10	⁠90
Royal William	City of Dublin Co.	1838	Liverpool	,,	145	27	17.5	1,980	⁠720	7.5	,,	5	⁠400
Sirius	Brit. & Amer. St. Nav. Co.	1838	Leith	,,	178	25.5	18.25	1,995	⁠703	8.5	,,	15	⁠600
Great Western	Great Western S. S. Co.,	1838	Bristol	,,	212	35.3	23.2	2,300	1,340	8.5	,,	15	⁠750
British Queen	Brit. & Amer. St. Nav. Co.	1839	London	,,	275	37.5	27.0	2,970	1,863	8	,,	15	⁠700
Britannia,	Cunard	1840	Greenock	,,	207	34.5	22.5	2,050	1,150	8.5	,,	12	⁠740
Great Britain	Great Western	1843	Bristol	Iron	274	48.2	31.5	5,780	3,270	11	Single Screw	25	1,500
America.	Cunard	1848	Greenock	Wood	251	38	25.3	4,250	1,825	10.25	Paddles	13	1,400
Asia	Cunard	1850	,,	,,	268	45	24	3,620	2,227	12	,,	15	2,000
Arctic	Collins	1350	New York	,,	282	45	31.5	6,200	2,860	12.5	,,	17	2,000
Persia	Cunard	1856	Glasgow	Iron	360	45	29,9	7,130	3,300	12.5	,,	20	3,600
Adriatic	Collins	1857	New York	Wood	355	50	35.0	7,564	3,670	13.5	,,	25	4,000
Great Eastern	Great Eastern S.S. Co.	1858	Millwall	Iron	680	82.8	48.2	32,160	18,915	13	S. Screw and Paddles	30	11,000
Scotia	Cunard	1862	Glasgow	,,	379	47.8	30.5	7,600	3,871	13.5	Paddles	25	4,000
City of Paris	Inman	1866	,,	,,	346	40.4	26.2	6,411	2,651	13.5	Single Screw	30	2,600
Russia	Cunard	1867	,,	,,	358	43	28.8	6,770	2,959	13.5	,,    ,,	25	2,500
City of Brussels	Inman	1869	,,	,,	390	40.3	27.1	6,900	3,081	14.5	,,    ,,	30	3,000
Oceanic	White Star	1871	Belfast	,,	420	41	31	7,240	3,707	14.75	,,    ,,	65	3,000
City of Richmond	Inman	1874	Glasgow	,,	441	43.5	34	9,320	4,623	15	,,    ,,	70	4,000
Britannic	White Star	1874	Belfast	,,	455	45.2	33.7	9,600	5,000	16	,,    ,,	75	5,100
City of Berlin	Inman,	1875	Greenock	,,	488.5	44.2	35	10,100	5,491	16	,,    ,,	75	5,200
Arizona,	Guion	1879	Glasgow	,,	450.2	45.4	35.7	9,900	5,147	16.25	,,    ,,	90	6,300
Servia	Cunard	1881	,,	Steel	515	52.1	37.9	12,500	7,392	16.5	,,    ,,	99	12,000
City of Rome	Inman	1881	Barrow	Iron	560.2	52.3	37	13,500	8,144	17.5	,,    ,,	90	11,500
Alaska	Guion	1881	Glasgow	,,	500	50	38	9,500	7,142	17.75	,,    ,,	100	11,000
Notting-Hill	Notting-Hill S. S. Co.	1881	,,	Steel	420	45.1	26.5	6,210	3,920	12	Twin Screw	100	2,800
Aurania	Cunard	1882	,,	,,	470	57.2	37.3	13,360	7,209	17	Single Screw	90	8,500
Oregon	Guion and Cunard	1883	,,	Iron	501	54,2	40	12,500	7,375	19	,,    ,,	110	13,000
America	National	1884	,,	Steel	432	51.3	38.6	9,550	5,528	18.75	,,    ,,	95	8,300
Etruria	Cunard	1885	,,	,,	501	57.3	38.2	13,300	8,120	19.5	,,    ,,	110	14,500
Aller	North German Lloyd	1886	,,	,,	438	48	34.6	10,460	5,400	16.5	,,    ,,	150	8,200
City of Paris (second of  name)	Inman	1889	,,	,,	527.6	63.2	59.2	17,650	10,670	21	Twin Screw	150	18,500
Teutonic	White Star,	1889	Belfast	,,	566	57.8	39.2	16,740	9,934	20	,,    ,,	180	17,500
Fürst Bismarck	Hamburg-American	1890	Stettin	,,	502.6	57.6	38	15,200	8,874	19.5	,,    ,,	160	17,000
Campania	Cunard	1893	Glasgow	,,	598	65	43	21,000	12,950	22	,,    ,,	165	30,000
St Louis	American	1895	Philadelphia	,,	535.7	63	42	16,000	11,630	21	,,    ,,	200	20,500
Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse	North German Lloyd	1897	Stettin	,,	625	66	43	23,760	14,350	23	,,    ,,	178	32,000
Kaiser Friedrich.	North German Lloyd	1808	Danzig	,,	584	64	41	20,100	12,000	21.5	,,    ,,	226	27,000
Oceanic (second of name)	White Star	1899	Belfast	,,	685	68	44.5	26,100	17,274	21.5	,,    ,,	192	29,000
Deutschland  (second of name)	Hamburg-American	1899	Stettin	,,	666	65.5	45.5	24,400	14,500	23.25	,,    ,,	225	36,000
Kronprinz Wilhelm	North German Lloyd	1901	,,	,,	637.3	66.3	39.3	22,300	14,908	23.47	,,    ,,	213	35,000
Celtic	White Star	1901	Belfast	,,	680.9	75.3	44.1	37,900	20,904	17.0	,,    ,,	210	13,000
Kaiser Wilhelm II	North German Lloyd	1902	Stettin	,,	684.3	72.5	40.2	26,000	19,361	23.71	,,    ,,	213	42,000
Finland	Red Star	1902	Philadelphia	,,	560.0	60.2	38.4	..	12,185	16.0	,,    ,,	170	10,000
Cedric	White Star	1903	Belfast	,,	680.9	75.3	44.1	38,000	21,035	16.0	,,    ,,	210	15,000
Baltic	White Star	1904	,,	,,	709.2	75.6	52,6	40,700	23,876	16.0	,,    ,,	210	13,000
Kaiserin Auguste Victoria	Hamburg-American	1905	Stettin	,,	677.5	77.3	50.2	43,000	24,581	17.5	,,    ,,	213	16,700
La Provence	Cie Générale Trans-  atlantique	1905	St Nazaire	,,	602.3	65.0	38,3	19,160	13,753	22.0	,,    ,,	198	30,000
Carmania	Cunard	1905	Glasgow	,,	650.4	72.2	40	31,000	19,524	20.0	Parsons Turbines 3 Screws	195	21,100
Caronia	Cunard	1905	,,	,,	650.0	72.2	40.2	31,000	19,687	19.0	Twin Screw	210	21,000
Amerika	Hamburg-American	1905	Belfast	,,	669.0	74.3	47.8	42,000	22,622	17.5	,,    ,,	210	15,800
Kronprinzessin Cecilie	North German Lloyd	1906	Stettin	,,	685.4	72.2	40.5	27,000	19,503	23,58	,,    ,,	213	45,000
Nieuw Amsterdam	Holland Amerika	1906	Belfast	,,	690.3	68.9	35.6	31,000	16,967	16.0	,,    ,,	215	10,000
Adriatic	White Star	1906	Belfast	,,	709.2	75.5	52.6	40,800	24,541	18.0	,,    ,,	210	16,000
Mauretania	Cunard	1907	Newcastle	,,	7621	88.0	57.1	42,000	31,938	26.06	${\displaystyle {\Big \}}}$Parsons Turbines 4 Screws	195	70,000
Lusitania	Cunard	1907	Glasgow	,,	762.2	87.8	56.6	42,000	31,550	25.85		195	70,000
Rotterdam	Holland Amerika	1908	Belfast	,,	650.5	77.4	43.5	37,200	24,149	17.0	Twin Screw	215	15,000
Lapland	Red Star	1908	,,	,,	605.8	70.4	37.4	30,500	17,540	17.5	,,    ,,	..	13,000
George Washington	North German Lloyd	1908	Stettin	,,	699.1	78.2	50.1	37,000	25,570	19.0	,,    ,,	213	20,000
Minnewaska	Atlantic Transport Co.	1909	Belfast	,,	600.3	65.4	39.6	26,530	14,317	16.0	,,    ,,	214	11,000
Titanic	White Star	1910	,,	,,	850.0	92.5	64.5	52,300	43,500	21.0	${\displaystyle {\Bigg \}}}$Combination of Par- sons Turbines and Reciprocating En- gines, 3 Screws	215	50,000
Olympic	White Star	..	,,	,,	850.0	92.5	64.5	57,300	43,500	21.0		215	50,000

The Hamburg-American Company followed a similar course to the White Scar Line and added two large vessels of 171/2 knots speed—the “Amerika” of 22,622 tons gross, built by Messrs Harland & Wolff, and the “Kaiserin Auguste Victoria” (fig. 32, Plate VlI.), of 2,581 tons gross, built at Stettin. The largest German vessel afloat in 1910 was the “George Washington,” built in 1908 at Stettin for the North German Lloyd.

The Hamburg-American Company ordered in 1910 two vessels, not only much larger than the “George Washington,” but exceeding even the “Olympic” in dimensions. They were said to be over 900 ft. long over all, 94 to 95 ft. beam, 20,000 tons gross greater tonnage than the “George Washington,” 13,000 tons more than “Mauretania” and 2000 tons more than “Titanic” and “Olympic”; turbines of 60,000 to 70,000 H.P. being provided to maintain a speed of 22 knots across the Atlantic. The Cunard Company ordered in Dec. 1910 a 50,000-ton turbine-driven ship from John Brown & Co., to steam at 23 knots on service.

The “Minnewaska” of the Atlantic Transport Company is typical of vessels on the Atlantic route carrying a large cargo together with a limited number of passengers of one class. Three hundred and twenty-six first-class passengers are carried and provided with excellent accommodation. When fully loaded the displacement is over 26,000 tons and the speed 16 knots; the horse-power required being only a sixth that of the fast Cunarders. To large numbers of passengers the additional period on the voyage is no disadvantage, while the transport of a large cargo at the relatively high speed of 16 knots is a great advantage.

Canadian Liners.—With the increasing trade between Europe and Canada the direct Canadian liners increased in numbers and importance, and now bear favourable comparison with the great liners running between Europe and the United States. The “Victorian” and “Virginian” of the Allan line, built in 1904 and 1905 and plying between Liverpool and Montreal, were the first ocean liners to be fitted with Parsons turbines; they are 520 ft. long, 60 ft. 5 in. beam, 38 ft. moulded depth and 10,629 tons gross; and they can carry 1500 passengers and a large cargo at a speed of 17 knots. They were followed in 1906 by the “Empress of Britain” and “Empress of Ireland,” built by the Fairfield Company for the Canadian Pacific Railway Company; they are 570 ft. long over all, 549 ft. between perpendiculars, 65 ft. 6 in. beam, 36 ft. 8 in. depth moulded, tonnage 14,189 gross tons, displacement 20,000 tons at 28 ft. draught; quadruple-expansion engines of 18,000 I.H.P. are fitted and a speed of over 20 knots was obtained on trial. Excellent accommodation is provided for 1580 passengers; and a considerable quantity of meat can be carried in insulated holds provided with refrigerating arrangements, besides a large general cargo, a total of 6500 tons