SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE RIVALRY IN INDIA 171

happy emigrants, and asked leave to " exterminate them one by one as I come across them." On the Spaniards attempting to trade at the Moluccas, the Portuguese captains waited for no orders from home, and after a fierce struggle of some years drove them out. In 1528 they forced the King of Tidore, the chief sovereign in the Moluccas, to promise never again to NATIVE BOATMEN LANDING ON THE SOUTHERN COAST OF INDIA. allow the Castilians to enter his river. The Saragossa Convention of 1529 between Spain and Portugal pro- vided that any Europeans except Portuguese who came within the line then agreed on should be punished as corsairs. But fighting still went on between the armed merchant ships of the two nations on the Indian seas. " In this manner do we go on day by day with these dogs, enemies of our Holy Faith," a despairing Span- iard wrote of the Portuguese in 1532, " the knife for- ever at our throats, swallowing a thousand deaths."