CHAPTER X

ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION 1770 - 1773 WE have now reached the threshold of that impor- tant period in the political history of British India which is covered by the long government of War- ren Hastings, from 1772 to 1785. It was in this period that the contest for supremacy between the English and the military powers of India began in earnest, that the attention of Parliament became fixed upon Indian af- fairs, and that the organization of English government in India was for the first time seriously attempted. When Lord Clive left in 1767, the Company had become the real rulers of Bengal; but although their position was still dissembled under the cloak of a nom- inal Nawabsnip, the disguise was worn almost thread- bare. In Calcutta and Madras, the Presidency Coun- cils were exercising some direct authority beyond the town limits, and very large indirect power, as com- manders of the troops and collectors of the revenue, throughout Bengal and the Karnatic. Yet in Bengal, although the whole public income was paid to the Com- pany, they were under strict orders from London to216