Salamanca, Valladolid, and Alcala; in Italy, at Rome; in Portugal,

at Coimbra—the only university in that kingdom, but one of great merit and celebrity. At the instigation of Pope Paul V., Suarez published at Coimbra in 1613 "A Defence of the Catholic Faith against the Anglican sect" (the Episcopalians), which King James thought so important, that he prohibited its sale within his dominions, and ordered it to be publicly burnt by the hands of the hangman. He had other motives for this besides his zeal for the reformed religion, for the work of Suarez not only denied the soundness of the Episcopalian faith—it also questioned "the divine right of kings." In return, the theological opinions of Suarez were impugned by Dr. William Twisse (see Dissertatio de Scientia media), a stanch Calvinist, who was prolocutor to the Westminster assembly of divines (1643), and a keen opponent of Arminianism, with which the doctrines of Suarez had a good deal in common. Suarez was consulted by the Roman catholic church on all important theological questions. He was seized with a mortal illness while taking part in an ecclesiastical conference at Lisbon, and died in that city in 1617. His last words were—"I did not think it had been so agreeable to die." The work by which Suarez is best known to modern students of philosophy is his "Metaphysiæ Disputationes." His whole works were published at Mayence and at Lyons in 1630; and at Venice in 1740. Father Noel published an abridgment of them in two volumes folio, Geneva, 1732. A life of Suarez, written in Latin by Ignatius Des Champs, was published in 1671.—J. F. F. SUBLEYRAS, Pierre, a celebrated French painter, was born at Usèz, in Languedoc, in 1699. The son of a painter, he was instructed first by his father, and afterwards by A. Rivalz of Toulouse. He went to Paris in 1724, and in 1726 gained the grand prize of Rome for his picture of the "Brazen Serpent." He proceeded to Rome in 1728, and stayed there till his death, which happened May 28, 1749. Subleyras obtained a great reputation. He was patronized by the popes, Clement XII. and Benedict XIV., and for the latter designed an altarpiece, "St. Basil representing mass before the Emperor Valens," which was executed in mosaic for St. Peter's; it has been engraved by De Cunego. His pictures, chiefly religious and historical, are most numerous in Italy. There are eleven in the Louvre, and a few in England. He married in 1735 Maria Felice Tibaldi, a Roman lady, who acquired distinction as a miniature painter. She, as well as her husband, was a member of the Academy of St. Luke. Subleyras etched a few plates from his own pictures.—J. T—e. SUCHET, Louis Gabriel, Duke of Albuféra, one of the best, and, according to Napoleon's own confession, the ablest, after Masséna, of all his marshals, was the son of a silk manufacturer at Lyons, and born there about the year 1770. On the breaking out of the French revolution he became a volunteer in the national guard of his native town; and being afterwards transferred to the army of Italy, he attracted by his skill and courage the notice of Bonaparte. Suchet rose rapidly in the service, and was ultimately appointed second in command to Masséna. After the battle of Marengo, at which Suchet was present, the government of Genoa was intrusted to his hands; and when subsequently commanding the centre of the Italian army, he obtained at Pozzolo a signal victory over the Austrians. At Austerlitz, in 1805, he led the left wing of the division under the command of Marshal Lannes, and in that capacity remarkably distinguished himself. During the following years he greatly contributed to the various successes that attended the arms of Napoleon, who for such services gave him the separate command of the fifth division of the army, and bestowed upon him a large pension, with the title of count of the empire. In 1808 Suchet was appointed general-in-chief of the French forces in the Spanish province of Arragon. Here he signalized himself, both by the admirable discipline he introduced into troops that were previously in a state of disorganization, and by the victories that marked his progress in the field. In 1810 he captured Lerida, in the same year Mequinanza, and in 1811 Tarragona. Exploits so brilliant were recompensed by Napoleon with the dignity of marshal. On the 10th of January, 1812, Valencia capitulated to Suchet. For this important success he was raised to the rank of duke of Albuféra, and otherwise rewarded by the emperor. When at last obliged to retire from Spain before the superior prowess of the British, Suchet did so in the attitude of a victor, and saved his army from reverses. Adhering in 1814 to the Bourbons, he was appointed to the command of a military division; but when Napoleon returned from Elba he attached himself once more to his former chief. The second restoration of the Bourbons brought with it temporary disgrace for Suchet. Afterwards, however, he rose high in favour with the French king. This great soldier died at Marseilles on the 7th of January, 1826. His military career was disgraced by no excesses; and the wisdom, justice, and humanity that marked his Spanish campaign will ever entitle him to the applause of posterity.—J. J SUCKLING, Sir John, poet and cavalier, was born in 1609 at Whitton in Middlesex, the seat of his father, who was comptroller of the household to James I. and Charles I. He seems to have been educated at Westminster, whence he proceeded to Trinity college, Cambridge. In 1631 he joined the force under the marquis of Hamilton, sent to aid Gustavus Adolphus in Germany, and is said to have earned a good military reputation. On his return home, he led the life of a fashionable wit and gallant, sprightly, generous, and dissipated. He was a favourite at court; a friend of Ben Jonson, Stanley the translator of Æschylus, Davenant, Falkland, &c.; and considered "one of the best bowlers of his time in England." In 1637 he published his lively "Session of the Poets," the first performance of the kind; in 1638 his play of "Aglaura," which contains the well-known song "Why so pale and wan, fond lover?" and in 1639 his "Brennoralt," under the title of "The Discontented Colonel," a satire on the Scotch malcontents. He contributed in the same year a troop of one hundred horse, splendidly accoutred, to the army with which Charles marched against his Scotch subjects. In 1640 he was elected to the Long parliament as member for Bramber, and his ardent loyalty led him to take part in the army plot of 1641. On its discovery he fled to France, and died at Paris, certainly before the end of 1642. According to Aubrey, "he (having a convenience for that purpose lying at an apothecary's house in Paris) took poison, which killed him miserably with vomiting;" and the latest and most careful of his biographers, the Rev. Alfred Suckling, owns, with evident regret, that family tradition confirms Aubrey's account. "Sir John Suckling," says that quaint gossip, "was of middle stature, and slight strength, brisk round eye, reddish-faced, and red-nosed (ill liver)." His works in verse and prose have been frequently printed. In 1836 the Rev. Alfred Suckling published, with a memoir of their author, "Selections from the works of Sir John Suckling." It is as a writer of songs and short poems, of which love and beauty are the themes, that Suckling is chiefly remembered. Such of his pieces, as his ballad upon a wedding, and his "Siege of a female heart," are incomparable in their kind. "Sir John Suckling," says the grave Hallam, "is acknowledged to have left behind him all former writers of song in gaiety and ease; it is not equally clear that he has never since been surpassed."—F. E. SUE, Eugene, a celebrated French novelist, was born in Paris on the 10th of December, 1804. His progenitors, originally of Provence, had for two or three generations flourished in the medical profession; and his father being surgeon-in-chief of the imperial guard, Eugene was held at the font by the Empress Josephine and Prince Eugene Beauharnais. Destined for the hereditary profession of his family, he studied medicine at Paris, and in due time was appointed surgeon in one of the royal regiments, which he accompanied to Spain in 1823. He was present at the siege of Cadiz and at the capture of the Trocadero. Soon afterwards he exchanged the military for the naval service, and on board the Breslau took part in the battle of Navarino. In 1829 his father died, leaving him a fortune of about £1600 a year. Indulgence in expensive tastes greatly reduced his income in a few years, and having abandoned his profession, he studied painting under Gudin, and finally turned to literature. Like the English Smollett he first turned to account his experience at sea, and in 1830 began to publish a succession of naval stories, works then quite new in France. "Kernock the Pirate," "Plick and Plock," "Atar Gull," "The Salamander," and "The Watch of Koat-von," appeared rapidly one after the other, but without obtaining much success. "A History of the French Navy to the Seventeenth Century," which appeared in five volumes in 1835-37, was deservedly even less fortunate, being encumbered with details and full of errors. He received from some officers at Toulon an ironical testimonial, in the shape of a silver medal for the history "he had not written." His first great success was "Mathilde," published in 1840. Possessing great dramatic interest, and written in a powerful style, the tone of this novel