to take place on the 21st of August, 1560. He had studied its

phases as published in the astrological diaries of the day; and when he saw the moon enter upon the sun's disc and leave it at the time foretold, he resolved to devote himself to a science which could, with such accuracy, predict future events. After completing the course of study at Copenhagen, he was sent in February, 1562, under the care of a tutor, to study jurisprudence at Leipsic. His passion for astronomy, however, interfered to such a degree with his professional studies that his tutor was obliged to prohibit them, and the young astronomer was driven to study in secret the astronomical books and the little globe which he had purchased with his pocket-money. With the Alphonsine and Prutenic tables of the planetary motions, he computed the great conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn which took place in August, 1563, and with a wooden radius divided for him by Scultetus, an artist at Leipsic, he made a number of observations out of his window without the knowledge of his tutor. From Leipsic he went to Denmark in 1565 in consequence of the death of his uncle, George Brahe, who left him his fortune; but his relatives having ridiculed his passion for astronomy, he settled in 1566 at Rostock, where he pursued his astronomical studies in that and the two following years. At this place he fought a duel, in which he lost the whole of the front of his nose, which he replaced with one of gold and silver. From Rostock he went to Augsburg, where he became acquainted with John and Paul Hainzell, who assisted him both by their advice and their purse in constructing his celebrated quadrant of fourteen cubits radius, divided into minutes. With this instrument and others he made many good observations at Augsburg, where he constructed a large sextant, and a wooden globe six feet in diameter. In 1571 Tycho returned to Denmark, and at the ancient convent of Herritzvold, the residence of his uncle, Steno Bille, he erected an observatory and also a laboratory, in which he devoted himself to the study of alchemy, forgetting in a great measure his astronomical pursuits. He was roused, however, from this foolish speculation by the sudden appearance of a bright star in Cassiopeia, one of the most remarkable of celestial phenomena. He saw it on the 11th of November, 1572. It rivalled Venus in lustre, changed its colour while it diminished in brightness, and disappeared in March, 1574. Its right ascension was 0° 26´ 24˝, and its declination 61° 46´ 45˝. In 1573 Tycho married a peasant girl, who gave birth to a daughter in 1574. The noble relatives of the astronomer took such offence at the marriage, that the intervention of the king was required to effect a reconciliation. Leaving his family behind him, Tycho set out in 1575 in search of a place of permanent residence, and fixed upon Basle after visiting various cities in Germany and Italy. When about to leave Knudstorp for Basle he was requested by Frederick II., king of Denmark, to remain in the kingdom, with the offer of a fully equipped observatory in the island of Huen, a pension of one thousand dollars, an estate in Norway, and a canonry in the episcopal church of Rothschild. Having accepted of this generous offer, the magnificent observatory of Uraniberg, or "the city of the heavens," was erected and furnished with the finest instruments which the science of the day could supply. In this favoured situation—in which he was visited by James VI. of Scotland, the duke of Brunswick, Christian IV., and many eminent individuals—he laboured for twenty-one years, enjoying all the happiness which could be derived from a thriving family, an ample income, and a high reputation. After the death of Frederick II. in 1588, the star of Tycho ceased to be in the ascendant; and though Christian IV., when visiting Uraniberg in 1591, in the fourteenth year of his age, had assured him of his unalterable friendship, he could not subdue the hostility of his enemies. Envying no doubt his high fame and position, and grudging his liberal pension, Walchendorp, the king's chancellor, turned even his majesty against the astronomer, and deprived him of his canonry, his pension, and his estate in Norway. Thus persecuted, Tycho, with his instruments, books, and family, consisting of five sons and four daughters, embarked at Copenhagen in 1597 to seek an aslyum in some better land. Having arrived at Rostock he was invited to the castle of Wandsberg, near Hamburg, by Count Rantzau, who introduced him to the Emperor Rodolph, to whom he dedicated in 1598 his "Astronomiæ instauratæ Mechanica," presenting him at the same time with his MS. catalogue of one thousand fixed stars. Rodolph became his warmest patron, promised him a pension of three thousand crowns, an estate, and the choice of several castles for an observatory. He accordingly chose Benach, at the confluence of the Lisor with the Albis, about five German miles from Prague, and he took up his residence there on the 20th of August, 1599. After residing there about a year and a half, he experienced so much inconvenience from his ignorance of the language and customs of the country, that he removed in February, 1601, to Prague, where the emperor purchased for him the house of his late friend Curtius. There he continued to observe the planets with his wonted assiduity; but the recollection of his misfortunes and other causes seem to have preyed upon his mind, were the forerunners of a painful disease, the retention of urine, with which he was attacked on the 13th of October, 1601, and which terminated fatally on the 24th of the same month, before he had completed his fifty-fifth year. His remains were interred at Prague in the church of Tiers, the principal one in the city, where a monument has been erected to his memory. For a full account of the life, labours, and sufferings of Tycho, see Sir David Brewster's Martyrs of Science, or the Lives of Galileo, Tycho Brahe, and Kepler.—D. B. TYCHSEN, Olaus Gerhard, an eminent Oriental scholar, was born at Tondern, Schleswig, 14th December, 1734. After studying at Halle, he travelled for two years in northern Germany as a missionary to the Jews, without, however, meeting with the least success. In 1760 he was appointed professor of oriental languages in the newly-founded university of Bützow, Mecklenburg, and afterwards was translated to that of Rostock, where he died 20th December, 1815. Tychsen was of a vain character, and fond of making a noise by paradoxical opinions; however conversant, therefore, with the rabbinic language, and however prolific in pamphlets and dissertations, he has not produced a work of lasting merit. The best known among his German writings is his "Bützow'ische Nebenstunden," 6 vols.—(See Hartmann, O. G. Tychsen, oder Wanderungen durch die mannichfaltigsten Gebiete der biblisch-asiatischen Literatur, Bremen, 4 vols.)—K. E. TYCHSEN, Thomas Christian, a German orientalist, was born at Horsbyll, Schleswig, in 1750. He studied at Kiel and Göttingen, and after his return from extensive scientific travels in the East, obtained a chair at Göttingen, where he died 23rd October, 1834. His accomplished daughter, Cæcilia, was the bride of the poet Ernst Schulze and the object of his greatest poem.—(See Schulze.) "The History of the Hebrews," by Tychsen, 1789; his Arabian Grammar, 1823; and his edition of Smyrnæus, 1807, are the best remembered of his works.—K. E. TYE, Christopher, doctor of music, was born in London, and educated in the royal chapel. He was musical preceptor to the children of Henry VIII. He was made a doctor of music at Cambridge in 1545, at which time he was organist of Ely cathedral. He was next appointed organist of the royal chapel, for which he produced almost the whole of his sacred compositions. These consisted of services and anthems, which were held in great esteem for many years after his death, but are no longer used in our churches. An admirable specimen of his style, the anthem for four voices, "I will exalt thee, Lord," is given in Dr. Bryce's Collection of Cathedral Music. He set to music a portion of "The Actes of the Apostles, translated into Englyshe metre," which was printed in 1553. This work is a curious result of the passion for putting everything into metre, which raged about that time. Tye is described by Anthony Wood as "a peevish, humorsome man, especially in his latter days; and sometimes," he continues, "playing on the organ, in the chapel of Queen Elizabeth, what contained much music, but little to delight the ear, she would send the verger to tell him that he played out of tune, whereupon he sent word that her ears were out of tune." He died about 1580.—E. F. R. * TYLER, John, tenth president of the United States, was born in 1790 at Charles city, Virginia, the son of a wealthy planter. He went to the bar, and at an early age took an active part in the politics of his native state, of which he became governor, and which he represented for two terms in the federal senate. In 1840 he was selected and carried by the whigs for the vice-presidency of the States. On the sudden death of General Harrison, in the April of the following year, Mr. Tyler became president ex officio. As president, he opposed the policy of the party which had elected him to the vice-presidency, and gave them great offence by his veto of the bank bill among others. It was during Mr. Tyler's presidency that Texas was