The general form of the goddess GaurT, ParvatI or Uma, the consort of Siva, as given in the Kdsyapa-Silpa and the Mdnasdra, is that she has two hands when accom- panying the god Siva and four when represented independ- ently. In the former case she is fully decorated, is standing or seated on a lotus pedestal, holds a blue lily in the right hand, while her left hangs down loose " like the tail of a cow." She wears a band on the forehead called phdlapatta, has one of her legs slightly bent (kunchita) and the other placed straight (lambita or svastika) on the pedestal ; she stands to the left of the image of Siva or the Siva-linga and wears the head-dress karandamakuta, kiritamakuta or kesabandha (fig. 119). In the latter case also she is fully decorated, has a jatdmakuta like a male deity, and presents with her lower hands the varada and abhaya postures, while in the upper two she holds the ted and the blue lotuses. Earlier authorities state that she may also exhibit in these hands the lily and the rosary. The illustration from Paramesvaramangalam (fig. 120) shows in the upper hands the noose and the hook. Gaurl is usually represented with the ornaments of an unmarried girl (kanydka), sometimes doing penance with the object of securing Siva for her husband (fig. I2l), and in this form she is worshipped by the Mahesvaras.

The Saivite goddesses, who are either the independent manifestations of ParvatI or the dependent groups of her following, are too many to mention. 1 Most of the village goddesses mentioned in Chapter VI, below, will be counted by the orthodox Brahmana among these classes.

We may begin the description of the Saivite Sakti deities with the group of goddesses known as Saptamatrikas, 2 or the " Seven Mothers." They are : BrahmT, Mahesvari, Kaumarl VaishnavT, Varahl, Mahendrl and Chamunda. 3 These with Maha-LakshmT, described below, are sometimes counted as " Eight Mothers." They have generally two hands, are red in

1 Hemaclri, for instance, has included names such as Varna, Jyeshtha, Kaudri, Kali, Kalavikarani, Balavikarani, Balapramathani, SarvabhutadamanI and Manon- mani which are merely different synonyms of Siva, with the feminine terminations added on to them.

2 See Burgess's Elura Cave Temples^ Plate XXXIV.

3 Narasimhi with the face of the man-lion god Narasimha is sometimes mentioned in place of Chamunda. It is also sometimes stated that the Seven Mothers are but different forms of Chandi (i.e. Chamunda).