Venkatesa or Venkataramana (also called Srlnivasa) is a name of Vishnu applied to the god on the Tirupati Hill. He is in form like one of the twenty-four images of Vishnu described above. 1

FRADYUMMA, Pradyumna, which is mentioned among the twenty-four KAMADEVA or . r -* T . , , . . , MANMATHA. general names of Vishnu, occurs in the Sanskrit lexicon Amarakosa as a synonym of the god Kamadeva orManmatha, who is recognized as a son of Krishna- Vishnu. His consort is ' Love ' (Rati). This god of Love was reduced to ashes by Siva. His form that was thus destroyed is still alive but is visible only to Rati. The metaphysical meaning of the story is more or less clear- Rati and Manmatha are often found among the sculptures in a temple. The latter is represented as a graceful youth of unparalleled elegance. He has eight hands in four of which he holds the conch, lotus, bow and arrow. The four other arms embrace his four beautiful wives called Rati (love), Prlti (pleasure), Sakti (power) and Bheda- Sakti (jealousy). Kama has five arrows, each arrow being a fragrant flower; the crocodile (makara) is his banner. More often he is represented with two hands, riding on a chariot (or a parrot) with his chief queen Rati by his side (fig. 41). Vasanta, the Spring, is his intimate friend and ally. His five arrows are the flowers of lotus, asoka, mango, jasmine, and blue-lily ; and he shoots them with his graceful bow of sugarcane. Mayamata says that Manmatha's arrows are made of the cruel teeth of women and are called tapant, "the tormentor," ddhinl "the consumer/' sarvamohim "that which completely infatuates," visva-mardim " the all-destroyer " and marant " the killer."

VISH- Vishvaksena, a synonym for Vishnu also found in the VAKSENA. lexicon Amarakdsa, is recognized as a Vaishnava god who, like Ganesa of the Saivas (described below), is worshipped by the SrI-Vaishnavas, at the beginning of every ceremony in order to avoid obstacles. He has his face turned towards the south and is a guardian deity in Vishnu temples. In three of his hands he holds the usual Vaishnavite symbols, viz., the conch,

1 It is believed, and perhaps on reasonable grounds, that the image on the Tirupati Hill is a combined form of Vishnu and Siva. The name Vrisha-saila, i.e., " Bull-hill " applied to the mountain on which the temple is situated, indicates also the Saiva nature of the god. In later times, the name Sesha-saila "the hill of the serpent god Sesha " came to be applied to it.