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and mental derangement— I say this sight is to me the most blessed manifestation of true civiliza-f tion that the world can present. This result we owe to the courage and philan- thropy of such men as Pinel and Conolly, Pinel's large acquirements and practical intellect would alone have availed nothing; his first step would never have been taken, but for the generous im- pulses of a feeling heart and courageous spirit. Conolly's experiment at Hanwell would have been foiled by opposition and discouragement, had he not been sustained by a spirit of earnest bene- volence towards his unhappy patients. The spirit which animated these two men is the spirit without which much of the progress of practical medicine would have been impossible. For, however diverse may be the intellectual powers that find their several fit places in the study and practice of medicine, there is but one right temper for it, the temper of benevolence and courage; the temper in which Larrey in- vented the ambulances volantes, tliat he might bring help to the wounded under fire ; the temper in which physicians have devoted themselves to