THE ETTOLUTION Of THE CUYCLE. 3

spirited drawings by Rowlandson and the Cruickshanks arc now reoarded as prized relics by cyclists of historical tastes. One of these drawings, which we reproduce, gives a good, although exaggerated, idea ot the action of a rider of a dandy-horse at full speed. A Continental inventor, once Gom- pertz, came out with an improvement upon the ordinary hobby-horse, providing an auxiliary driving-power for the front wheel. A cogged wheel was fixed to the side of the front hub, and a sextant-shaped rack gear- ing with this and moved by a lever which was also used as a steering-handle, served to drive the wheel forward.

The hobby-horse mania scems to have died out alniost as suddenly as it came into being, and a period of blankness in cycle invention followed. A French patent of 1830, granted to a M. Julien, relates to an

JULIEN'S MACHINE.

invention not very casy to comprehend. In the drawing it will be observed that the gentle soul in the chimnev-pot hat works a sort of *everlasting staircase ' (this being a slang term for the trcadmill), by that means turning an immensc wheel in front. A thing herein difficult to understand (although it really may be a hidden beauty) is the balancing and steering of this clegant instrument, the inventor having carcfully rcfrained from finding anything, mischict or otherwise, for his victim's 1dle hands to do. Another difficulty 1s suggested by the back wheel. We quite appre- ctate M. Julien's good intentions in

trivance may have been mtended to plough with.

Later in the same vear Messrs, Bramley and Parker, in England, went 1n for sone-

= &

BRAMLEY AND I'ARKER'S MACHINE.

thing comprchensive and claborate. They have, at any rate, the honour of inventing the first tandem tricvele. In their drawing they omit the nearer hind wheel, whereby we have the advantage of a clear view of Mr. Parker (or 1s it Mr. Bramley ?) working his best in a sort of swimming attitude. The more favoured partner (whose hat is really too large) steers by an arrangement obviously suggested by the rudder wheel of a ship, and drives by an arrangement more humbly derived from the travelling knife- grinder. The hinder gentleman obviously has not come out to admire the landscape, and 1t 1s to be hoped that his hat may never fall among all that mcchanism, for its own sake.

In 18210 Mro Alexander Cochrane in- vented the hrst recorded road machine in which the rowing motion was used. Several 1ventors since this time have devoted their mgenuity to adapting this motion to cycles, without any particular success. Why it is considered desirable to go out of the way to usc an action obviously foreign to and unsuitable for the road, is one of those

providing a couaple of spikes to prevent the whole arrangement running backward when procecding uphill, but he seems to have for- gotten that some retarding cffect to forward motion might be mvolved therem. Perhaps he found the thing so tremendously speedy that somec- thing ofa check was necessary 5 or the con-

COCTTRANE'S MACHINE.

things which perhaps will never be ex- plained. Cochranc’s notion, however, was