< The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)

ROLLAND, rōl'lạṅ, Romaine, French author: b. Clamecy, 29 Jan. 1866. He studied at the Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, and in 1889-91 was a member of the Ecole Française de Rome. He was for a time professor of the history of art at the Ecole Normale Superieure, and was later called to the chair of history and music at the Sorbonne. He was awarded one-fourth of the Nobel Prise for literature in 1915 for the completion of his Jean Christophe, a species of rambling novel, written in 10 volumes and carrying much philosophic discussion of life, the sub-titles being L'Aube; Le Matin ; L'Adolescent; La Revolte; La Toire sur la place; Antoinette; Dans la Maison; Les amies; Le Buisson Ardente; and Le Nouvelle Journee. It was translated into English by Cannan, G. (1911-13). His other works include Les origines du théatre lyrique moderne; Les Loups, drama; Le Temps, drama; Vie de Michel Auge; Vie de Beethoven; Haendel; Vie de Tolstoi, etc. Consult Stephens, W., French Novelists of To-day, Second Series (1915).

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