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the spread of printing.

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publishers, and their competitors in Italy complained with reason of their piratical editions. They made liberal use of engravings on wood and copper-plate illustrations. They were also the first printers to sell cheap books in showy bindings.

IN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL.

Place.	Printer.	Date.	⁠	Place.	Printer.	Date.
Barcelona	N. Spindeler	1473 or 1478		Murcia	Juan de Roca ⁠	1487
Valencia	Cordova and Palomar	1474		Tarragona	John Rosembach	1488
Saragossa	Matthew Flandrus	1475		Lerida		1488
Seville	A. Martinez, et al	1476		San Cucufute des Valles		1489
Segorbe		1479		Lisbon	R. Samuel Zorba	1489
Tolosa	Henry Mayer	1480		Pampeluna		1489
Burgos	De Basilea	1485		Zamora		1490
Salamanca		1485		Leiria	Abraham Dortas	1492
Soria	Eliezar ben Alanta	1485		Grenada	Meynard Ungut	1496
Xerica		1485		Madrid		1499
Toledo	John Vasquez	1486		Montserrat	John Luchner	1499

IN GREAT BRITAIN.

The first book printed in English, the Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye, a stout folio of 351 leaves, does not contain the date of printing, nor the name and place of the printer, but it appears from the introduction that it was translated from the French by William Caxton between the years 1469 and 1471. When and where it was printed is a vexed question.^[1]

The monogram which was exhibited by Caxton in his later books——is interpreted by Madden as William Caxton, 1474, Sancta Colonia. It is an indication that a notable event in his life was represented by the year 1474 and the city of Cologne, and it seems to authorize the conjecture that at this time and place he published his first book. In 1475, Caxton printed, in the office of Mansion at

↑ Blades thinks that it was printed at Bruges by Colard Mansion and William Caxton, about 1472. Madden thinks it was printed at the monastery of Weidenbach by Mansion and Caxton, who went there about 1474 to learn practical typography. Other bibliographers say that it was printed by Zell at Cologne. The types of this Recuyell are thoroughly French, and are like the larger types used by Mansion. Bernard thinks that these types were made and first used at Cologne, by the order of the Duke of Burgundy for the French edition of the same work.

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[1] Blades thinks that it was printed at Bruges by Colard Mansion and William Caxton, about 1472. Madden thinks it was printed at the monastery of Weidenbach by Mansion and Caxton, who went there about 1474 to learn practical typography. Other bibliographers say that it was printed by Zell at Cologne. The types of this Recuyell are thoroughly French, and are like the larger types used by Mansion. Bernard thinks that these types were made and first used at Cologne, by the order of the Duke of Burgundy for the French edition of the same work.

[1]