Buildup:
There are a bunch of various dwarven clans that live in biomes of varying degrees of realism. Each specializes in getting materials in a certain way, such as mining, glassblowing, or panning.
The Actual Question:
How can I have clans get materials such as precious metals or gems, fossils, or petrified wood in novel ways? Please don't have one gigantic handwave.
Going out on a limb here, I'm guessing your best choice will be to have the dwarves mine normally, but using the special technology you've given them (planet portals would really change the mining business).
– DonyorM Feb 05 '17 at 12:26